When the plasmons were resonant at the graphene metal surface, a strong electric field would be induced which could enhance the generation of electronhole pairs in the graphene. The proposed structure consists of a graphene layer composed of h shape between two cut wires, by breaking symmetry can control eitlike effects and by increasing the asymmetry in the structure has strong coupling between elements. Osa absorption and slowlight analysis based on tunable. Graphene is a singlelayered twodimensional material with unique features of mechanical, chemical, and electrically tunable properties, making it a viable candidate for various tunable devices. Plasmonics fabricates a variety of metamaterial structures to manage thermal emission. We propose a novel simple patterned monolayer graphene metamaterial structure based on tunable terahertz plasmoninduced transparency pit. Tunable terahertz metamaterials with negative permeability. Tunable plasmonic structures for terahertz frequencies. Graphene plasmonics for tunable terahertz metamaterials article pdf available in nature nanotechnology 610. We presented a dynamically tunable electromagnetically induced reflection eir based on the complementary graphene metamaterials composed of the wireslot and splitring resonators slot srrsslot array structures for the terahertz region. Many researchers hope to merge plasmonics and graphene photonics to combine their useful features. Electrically switchable metadevices via graphene science.
A diverse set of graphene metamaterials structures such as splitring resonators srrs have been theoretically proposed with amplitude modulation up to 80% and frequency tunability up to 400 ghz 3. Published 12 february 2014 2014 iop publishing ltd journal of physics d. Express 6 075805 view the article online for updates and enhancements. In this paper, we demonstrate electrically tunable terahertz plasmonic crystals consisting of squarelattice graphene periodic antidot arrays on a sio2si substrate. Actively tunable terahertz electromagnetically induced. Due to the capabilities to break through the abbes diffraction limit and implement tight field confinement, surface plasmon polaritons spps have triggered a large number of applications at subwavelength scale 2,3,4. Graphene is an attractive twodimensional 2d carbon material. Fang1 1department of mechanical engineering, massachusetts institute of technology, cambridge. By integrating passive metamaterials with active graphene devices, we demonstrate a new class of electrically controlled active metadevices working in microwave frequencies. In this paper we present the efficient design of functional thinfilm metamaterial devices with the effective surface conductivity approach. Graphene plasmonics for terahertz photonics monash university. Metamaterials are composite electromagnetic materials that enable the development of new imaging modalities in the longwavelength regime.
Periodic structural perturbationin a proofofconcept form of hexagonal lattice of aperturesof a continuous graphene medium alters delocalized plasmonic dynamics, creating plasmonic bands in a manner akin to photonic crystals. Ron shen1,5 and feng wang1,5 discussion we derive here simplified maxwell equations describing terahertz. Nanostructured graphene metasurface for tunable terahertz cloaking. After formulating the requirements to the perfect absorber in terms of surface conductivity we investigate the properties of graphene wire medium and graphene fishnet metamaterials and. Jablan m, buljan h and soljacic m 2009 plasmonics in graphene at infrared frequencies phys. Active graphene plasmonics for terahertz device applications. However, beside the multiple endeavors, up to date, the plasmon generation in semiconductor heterostructures has been very inefficient. Due to their extremely strong and confined optical fields, sps have shown various potential applications in the photonic circuits 2,3, nearfield microscopy 4,5, biological sensors 6,7,8, photovoltaics 9,10, etc. Ron shen1,5 and feng wang1,5 discussion we derive here simplified maxwell equations describing terahertz thz plasmon.
Apr 22, 2012 using patterned graphene insulator stacks, we demonstrate widely tunable farinfrared notch filters with 8. Electrically tunable broadband terahertz absorption with. Nanostructured graphene metasurface for tunable terahertz. Graphene plasmonics for tunable terahertz metamaterials nature. Highly tunable optical activity in planar achiral terahertz. Broadband gatetunable terahertz plasmons in graphene. The continuous tunability of plasmon resonance is either unachievable in conventional plasmonic materials like noble metals or requires gate voltage regulation in graphene. Graphenebased nanopatch antenna for terahertz radiation. Graphenebased reconfigurable terahertz plasmonics and.
Graphene plasmonics for terahertz photonics monash. Broadband and tunable absorbers consisting of graphene metasurface and metalbacked dielectric layer have been designed based on the formulas derived from this approach and verified by fullwave electromagnetic simulation. Graphene plasmons used to create tunable terahertz laser. Bechtel and xiaogan liang and alex zettl and yuen ron shen and feng wang, journalnature. Manipulating the plasmoninduced transparency in terahertz. Long ju, baisong geng, jason horng, caglar girit, michael martin, zhao hao, hans a. Destructive interference in this structure causes pronounced pit phenomenon, and the pit response can be dynamically controlled by voltage since the existence of continuous graphene bands in the structural design. Tunable graphenebased plasmonic perfect metamaterial absorber. Graphene plasmons used to create tunable terahertz laser 15 january 2016, by bob yirka.
Graphene plasmonics for tunable terahertz metamaterials, nat. Plasmonic metamaterials are realizations of materials first proposed by victor veselago, a russian theoretical physicist, in 1967. In this chapter, we focus on the development on tunable terahertzinfrared metamaterials enabled with plasmonic excitations in graphene micronanostructures. We not only discuss the impact of various parameters such as period a, length l, radius r, and incident angle. We show the enhancement of lightgraphene interactions by employing plasmonic metamaterial. Terahertz plasmonics in ferroelectricgated graphene.
Design of broadband and tunable terahertz absorbers based. Switching terahertz waves with gatecontrolled active. Graphene plasmonics opens an avenue for reconfigurable metamaterials and metasurfaces. Highly tunable hybrid metamaterials employing splitring. We demonstrate that graphene plasmon resonances can be tuned over a broad terahertz frequency range by changing microribbon width and in. Tunable terahertz toroidal response by graphene metamaterials. Tunable terahertz toroidal response by graphene metamaterials to cite this article. Terahertz optically tunabledielectric metamaterials without. A terahertz fishnet metamaterial, consisting of a gallium arsenide substrate sandwiched between multilayer graphene dielectric composites, is theoretically studied.
The optical performance of a periodically tunable plasma perfect metamaterial absorber based on a squaresquarecircle array we propose in the terahertz region is analyzed in this work by the finite difference time domain fdtd method. Here we explore plasmon excitations in engineered graphene microribbon arrays. Novoselov1 two rich and vibrant fields of investigation graphene physics and plasmonics strongly overlap. Graphene metamaterials based tunable terahertz absorber. Tunable terahertz metamaterials with negative permeability h. Graphene offers a substantial advantage as its properties can be readily tuned by applying a gate voltage. Various research groups are experimenting with different approaches to make plasmonic materials that exhibit lower losses and tunable optical properties. In recent years, we have seen a rapid progress in the field of graphene plasmonics, motivated by graphene s unique electrical and optical properties, tunability, longlived collective excitation and its extreme light confinement. Mounaix 1institute of physics, academy of sciences of the czech republic, na slovance 2, 182 21 prague 8, czech republic. The gsinw has a bottom atomic layer of graphene connecting the drain and source con. Supplementary information graphene plasmonics for tunable. Mechanically tunable terahertz graphene plasmonics using.
Tunable terahertz filters based on graphene plasmonic all. A tunable terahertz filter based on graphene plasmonic alldielectric metasurfaces is proposed and investigated numerically by using the finitedifference timedomain fdtd method. We leverage the inherent surface asymmetry of graphene for strong secondorder nonlinear polarizability 4,5, which, together with tight plasmon field confinement, enables a robust difference frequency signal at terahertz frequencies. Motivated by the recent renewed interest in compact analog computing using light and metasurfaces silva, a. Gain modulation by graphene plasmons in aperiodic lattice. Active control of electromagnetically induced transparen cy analogue in terahertz metamaterials, nat commun 3. Tunable plasmonic structures for terahertz frequencies thomas h. We describe here recent research on largearea tunable graphene plasmonic materials and devices for use in terahertz. Active plasmonics and tuneable plasmonic metamaterials. Lavrinenko dtu fotonik, technical university of denmark, oersteds pl. In particular, structures enabling active tuning of their resonancefrequency will be discussed, which can. Terahertz metamaterials center for metamaterials and. It shows how thz plasmonics can be realized by way of semiconductor and engineered metal surfaces and how they can be.
Osa graphene metamaterials based tunable terahertz. Tunable terahertz lefthanded metamaterial based on multi. Graphene plasmonics for tunable terahertz metamaterials bsisb. For plasmonics, the main challenge is the short propagation length in graphene that is on the order of a few surface plasmon wavelengths at best in stateoftheart experiments. Graphenebased metasurfaces for multimode tunable terahertz.
Broadband terahertz modulator based on graphene metamaterials. Terahertz optically tunabledielectric metamaterials without microfabrication carlo rizza 1,2, alessandro ciattoni2. These passive structures have the ability to emit thermal radiation in a specific direction. Manipulating the plasmoninduced transparency in terahertz metamaterials. Graphene plasmonics is an emergent research field, that is attracting plenty of interest and has already resulted in a textbook.
Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy demonstrates band formation, where farinfrared irradiation excites. Dynamicallytunable terahertz bandstop filter based on. We introduce farinfrared graphene plasmonic crystals. Plasmons of twodimensional massless electrons, as present in graphene, show unusual behaviour that enables new tunable plasmonic metamaterials and. A fano phenomenon comes from destructive interference in a narrow frequency range, and it can lead to a high figure of merit of.
Fabryperot model of the plasmon polariton interaction with graphene based antenna is introduced. Terahertz frequencies are situated in the farinfrared spectra of electromagnetic radiation that inherit the richness of photonics. Highly tunable hybrid metamaterials employing splitring resonators strongly coupled to graphene surface plasmons. Tunable electromagnetically induced transparency based on. The transmission spectra with different values of substrate permittivity. They have a fundamental role in the dynamic responses of electron systems and form the basis of research into optical metamaterials. We aimed the issue that high loss in the plasmonic excitations of graphene limits the performance of graphene s ability in manipulating light. Tunable terahertz graphene metamaterials sciencedirect.
Electromagnetically induced transparency metamaterial based. Plasmons describe collective oscillations of electrons. Highlights scattering of terahertz radiation on a graphene based nanopatch antenna is numerically analyzed. Graphene based plasmonic structures feature large tunability, high spatial confinement, and potentially low loss, and are therefore an emerging technology for unconventional manipulation of light. Not only does graphene pos sess intrinsic plasmons that are tunable and adjustable, but a combination of graphene with noblemetal nanostructures prom. Pdf graphene plasmonics for tunable terahertz metamaterials. Programmable metamaterials may not only host multiple em functionalities that can be chosen or combined through simple software directives, but also be provided with means to adapt to the environment or communicate with other metamaterials, thereby enabling a myriad of applications in sensing, imaging, or communications. Terahertz plasmonics in ferroelectricgated graphene dafei jin,1 anshuman kumar,1 kin hung fung,1,2 jun xu,1 and nicholas x. In the past decades, surface plasmons sps have been extensively investigated in the optical frequencies 1. The asymmetric transmission has fascinated wide interest because of its novel applications. By applying different gate voltage, the fermi level and optical conductivity of monolayer graphene pattern can be changed. Ozbey b and aktas o 2011 continuously tunable terahertz metamaterial employing magnetically actuated cantilevers. Jan 15, 2016 a team of researchers working at the university of manchester in the u.
In this paper, we propose and present the design procedure and the simulation results of the tunable dualband polarizationsensitive graphene chiral metasurface. In this structure, the dark mode excited by the near field coupling between wireslot and srrsslot structures, induces a reflection window. Longlived, tunable intrinsic graphene surface plasmons sps have already been demonstrated in a number of experiments 39, including optical modulators 10, 11, providing the potential for applications 12. Plasmon oscillations have been intensively studied for more than forty years in conventional twodimensional electron gas systems in order to find new alternatives to the vacuum devices based on the smithpurcell effect in the farinfrared region. Especially, hybrid alldielectric metasurfaces are used to make a whole singlesheet graphene forms two different conductivity patterns with the same gate voltage. Transformation optics has been proved to be a general methodology for taming and controlling electromagnetic waves in any desired manner 1.
Soukoulis, key laboratory of space applied physics and chemistry, ministry of education and department of applied physics, school of. K has developed a tunable teraherz laser using the unique properties of graphene plasmons. Isaac as a thesis for the degree of doctor of philosophy in physics, november 2009 this thesis is available for library use on the understanding that it is ed material and no quotation from the thesis may be published without proper. Graphene microribbons behave as tunable metamaterials at. Broadband gate tunable terahertz plasmons in graphene heterostructures baicheng yao 1,2,7, yuan liu 3,4, shuwei huang 1,8, chanyeol choi 1, zhenda xie 1,9, jaime flor flores 1. Imaging at long wavelengths, for example at terahertz and millimetrewave frequencies, is a highly soughtafter goal of researchers because of the great potential for applications ranging from security screening and skin cancer detection to allweather. He is a fellow of the institute of physics, the optical society of america, and spie. The influences of different kinds of phonon scatterings i. Among the many intriguing properties of graphene, its plasmonic characteristics are some of the most fascinating and potentially useful 1, 2. Figure 1a shows the graphene on silicon nitride waveguide gsinw architecture studied in this work.
Graphene supports surface plasmons in the terahertz and infrared ranges 16,17, demonstrating wide applications in the tunable terahertz and infrared. Graphene plasmonics for tunable terahertz metamaterials. Tunable terahertz metasurface with graphene cutwires yuancheng fan, nianhai shen, thomas koschny, and costas m. Plasmons of twodimensional massless electrons, as present in graphene, show unusual behaviour that enables new tunable plasmonic metamaterials and, potentially, optoelectronic applications in the terahertz. The results represent a first look at lightplasmon coupling in graphene and point to potential graphene based terahertz metamaterials. Plasmoninduced transparency in twisted fano terahertz. Plasmonic analog of electromagnetically induced transparency in nanostructure graphene. Bozhevolnyi s i 2008 plasmonic nanoguides and circuits frontiers in optics 2008laser science xxiv plasmonics and metamaterials optical fabrication and. Farinfrared graphene plasmonic crystals for plasmonic. In this chapter, we focus on the development on tunable terahertz infrared metamaterials enabled with plasmonic excitations in graphene micronanostructures. The prospect of tunable graphene based nanoantenna for wireless communication is discussed. Tunable terahertz metasurface with graphene cutwires. Graphene plasmonics for tunable terahertz metamaterials long ju1,baisonggeng1,6, jason horng1, caglar girit1, michael martin2,zhaohao2,3,hansa. Tunable graphenebased midinfrared plasmonic multispectral and.
Graphene supports surface plasmon resonance spr in the infrared and terahertz bands 2428. Lavrinenko dtu fotonik, technical university of denmark. Detailed analysis shows that this metamaterial has a lefthanded transmission peak accompanied with an abnormal phase dispersion and a clear negative refractive index which originates from simultaneous magnetic and electric res. We show the enhancement of light graphene interactions by employing plasmonic metamaterial. Graphene plasmonics for tunable terahertz metamaterials long ju1, baisong geng1,6, jason horng1, caglar girit1, michael martin2, zhao hao2,3, hans a. Mechanically tunable terahertz graphene plasmonics using soft metasurface.
He also leads the uk epsrc research program on active plasmonics. Meanwhile the group delay within the transparent window can also be dynamically. Analog computing using reflective plasmonic metasurfaces. Due to the insulatortometal transition of vo2, the amplitude of eit peak can be actively modulated with significant modulation depth. Graphene microribbons behave as tunable metamaterials at terahertz frequencies. Harvesting plasmonic excitations in graphene for tunable. Jun 07, 2010 highly tunable optical activity in planar achiral terahertz metamaterials highly tunable optical activity in planar achiral terahertz metamaterials using terahertz time domain spectroscopy thztds we demonstrate tunable polarization rotation and circular dichroism in intrinsically nonchiral planar terahertz metamaterials without twofold. Therefore, the aim of this work is to realize the high amplitude modulation and broad frequency modulation by fabricating. As an example, we demonstrate a graphene based perfect absorber. Plasmons of twodimensional massless electrons, as present in graphene, show unusual behaviour that enables new tunable plasmonic metamaterials and, potentially, optoelectronic applications in the terahertz frequency range.
Taiichi otsuji 1,3, vyacheslav popov 2 and victor ryzhii 1,3. We aimed the issue that high loss in the plasmonic excitations of graphene limits the performance of graphenes ability in manipulating light. This letter presents a new approach to continuously tune the resonances of graphene plasmons in terahertz soft metasurface. He was the recipient of the 2010 sackler prize in the physical sciences and the. Osa electrically tunable graphene antidot array terahertz. This guarantees that graphene can be an important building block for active plasmonic materials and metamaterials 9. This study presents an effective method to model, analyse and design graphene metasurfacebased terahertz thz absorbers using equivalent circuit model approach. Sensing analysis based on tunable fano resonance in.
In this context of recent advances in both graphene only and graphene metal hybrid structures, the aim of this paper is to rigorously discuss and compare both approaches for realizing graphene based reconfigurable terahertz metamaterials. Plasmonic instabilities and terahertz waves amplification in. Dynamically tunable electromagnetically induced reflection in. Plasmoninduced transparency in twisted fano terahertz metamaterials. We investigate the active control of electromagnetically induced transparency eit analogue based on terahertz thz metamaterials integrated with vanadium oxidevo2. Conventional plasmonics emerged from the early study of spp con ned to metallic surfaces,41 where free elec. Mechanically tunable terahertz graphene plasmonics using soft. Dec 30, 2016 a graphene based metamaterial with tunable electromagnetically induced transparency is numerically studied in this paper.
Pictured below are images of our metamaterial structures formed in the lab, and what the surfaces the metamaterial could be applied to. Tunable infrared plasmonic devices using grapheneinsulator. Tunable complementary split ring resonators csrrs based on monolayer graphene are presented in terahertz regime. This property of graphene tunable antennas provides an enhancement in the thz. Graphene plasmonics has the potential to revolutionize terahertz technologythe last great underdeveloped frequency band of electromagnetic waves. We theoretically investigate the sensing characteristics based on tunable fano resonance in terahertz graphene layered metamaterials. In similar fashion, the utilization of graphene plasmons, a collective form of electron excitation, allows for tunable plasmonic devices. The topics include terahertz plasmons, midinfrared plasmons, plasmonphonon interactions, and potential applications. The adaption of plasmonic concepts from the optical region of the spectrum to the terahertz thz band offers the exciting potential to realize new applications as well as overcome some of the limitations of the band.
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